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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Unterer Buntsandstein</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div id="Container" class="toccolours" style="text-align: left; padding:0.5em 0 0 0; border-style:none; float:right; padding:0 0.5em; margin:0.3em 0 0.8em 1.4em;"><div id="Title" style="background-color:rgb(153,58,154); font-weight:bold; padding:0.2em; text-align:center; margin:0.6em 0 1.2em 0"><span style="color:#FFF">Germanische Trias</span></div><div id="Contains-Timeline-Scale-Notes"><div id="Scale" style="width:3.1em; position:relative; top:-0.82em; float:left; height:36em; padding:0px"><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:34.641509433962em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-250 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:32.943396226415em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:31.245283018868em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-245 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:29.547169811321em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
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<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:10.867924528302em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-215 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:9.1698113207547em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:7.4716981132075em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-210 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:5.7735849056604em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:4.0754716981132em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-205 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:2.377358490566em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:0.67924528301887em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-200 —</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
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<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span></div><div id="ScaleBar" style="width:1px; float:left; height:36em; padding:0; background-color:#242020"></div><div id="Timeline" class="toccolours" style="font-size:100%; width:100%; height:36em; padding:0px; float:left; width:10em; border:none; background-color:transparent;"><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:rgb(152,57,153); border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:30.769811320755em; height:4.4309433962264em; margin-left:0em; width:4.8em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-2.2754716981132em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:rgb(177,104,177); border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; 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top:-0.75em; left:-9.8em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="Trias_(Geologie)" title="Trias (Geologie)">Untertrias</a></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:34.709433962264em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-4.6em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="Indusium_(Geologie)" title="Indusium (Geologie)">Indusium</a></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:32.603773584906em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:3.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="Buntsandstein" title="Buntsandstein">Bunt-</a><br><a href="Buntsandstein" title="Buntsandstein">sandstein</a></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:27.169811320755em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:3.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="Muschelkalk" title="Muschelkalk">Muschel-</a><br><a href="Muschelkalk" title="Muschelkalk">kalk</a></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:12.905660377358em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:3.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="Keuper" title="Keuper">Keuper</a></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:36.339622641509em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-8em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b><a href="Trias_(Geologie)" title="Trias (Geologie)">Chronostratigr.<br>Gliederung</a></b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:36.339622641509em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b><a href="Germanische_Trias" title="Germanische Trias">German.<br>Trias</a></b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:34.641509433962em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:1em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#000000; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.</a></b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:33.079245283019em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:1em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#000000; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b><a href="Mittlerer_Buntsandstein" title="Mittlerer Buntsandstein">M.</a></b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:28.867924528302em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:1em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#000000; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b><a href="Unterer_Muschelkalk" title="Unterer Muschelkalk">U.</a></b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:27.169811320755em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:1em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#000000; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b><a href="Mittlerer_Muschelkalk" title="Mittlerer Muschelkalk">M.</a></b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; 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bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; 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<p>Der <b>Untere Buntsandstein</b> ist eine <a href="Lithostratigraphie" title="Lithostratigraphie">lithostratigraphische</a> <a href="Gruppe_(Geologie)" title="Gruppe (Geologie)">Untergruppe</a> des <a href="Buntsandstein" title="Buntsandstein">Buntsandsteins</a> der <a href="Germanische_Trias" title="Germanische Trias">Germanischen Trias</a>. Die lithostratigraphische Einheit wird von der <a href="Zechstein-Gruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechstein-Gruppe">Zechstein-Gruppe</a> unterlagert und von der Untergruppe des <a href="Mittlerer_Buntsandstein" title="Mittlerer Buntsandstein">Mittleren Buntsandstein</a> überlagert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>
<p>Die Untergrenze des Unteren Buntsandsteins (und damit die Grenze des Buntsandsteins und der Germanischen Trias-Supergruppe) wird im Beckenzentrum mit dem Einsetzen der Calvörde-Formation festgelegt. Im Spessart und Odenwald wird die Grenze mit der Untergrenze des Heigenbrücken-Sandsteins gezogen. Im Schwarzwald wird die Untergrenze an die Basis des sogenannten (Unteren) Eck’schen Konglomerates gelegt. Im Beckenzentrum wurden überwiegend feinsandige, siltige bis tonige Sedimente abgelagert. Es handelt sich um rhythmische Ablagerungen, die an der Basis gröber sind und nach oben feiner werden („fining upward“-Zyklen). Etwa 20 derartiger Zyklen wurden bisher unterschieden. Sie lassen sich im Beckenzentrum weiträumig verfolgen. Besonders charakteristisch sind Lagen mit großen <a href="Ooid" title="Ooid">Ooiden</a> (sogenannte „<a href="Rogenstein" title="Rogenstein">Rogensteine</a>“) und <a href="Stromatolith" title="Stromatolith">Stromatolithen</a>. Die <a href="M%C3%A4chtigkeit_(Geologie)" title="Mächtigkeit (Geologie)">Mächtigkeit</a> beträgt im Beckenzentrum zwischen 135 m und 190 m, sie nimmt zu den jeweiligen Beckenrändern kontinuierlich ab. Dort wurden meist grobkörnige Sandsteine mit Geröllen abgelagert.
</p><p>Die Untergrenze des Unteren Buntsandsteins (und damit des Buntsandsteins und der Germanischen Trias überhaupt) wird biostratigraphisch in das höchste <a href="Changhsingium" title="Changhsingium">Changhsingium</a>, die obere chronostratigraphische Stufe des <a href="Perm_(Geologie)" title="Perm (Geologie)">Oberperm</a> (oder Lopingium) datiert. Die Obergrenze beziehungsweise die Grenze Unterer/Mittlerer Buntsandstein wird nach den neuesten Arbeiten in das Untere <a href="Olenekium" title="Olenekium">Olenekium</a> gestellt. Dies entspricht nach der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland <a href="Geochronologie" title="Geochronologie">geochronologisch</a> einem Zeitraum von 251 bis 249 Millionen Jahren und einer Dauer von 2 Millionen Jahren.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gliederung">Gliederung</h2></div>
<p>Der untere Buntsandstein wird in zwei lithostratigraphische Formationen beziehungsweise zwei <a href="Allostratigraphie" title="Allostratigraphie">allostratigraphische</a> Folgen gegliedert, die in diesem Falle jedoch identisch sind. Deswegen werden im Buntsandstein häufig wechselweise die Begriffe Formation oder Folge benutzt. Die zwei Formationen/Folgen sind von oben nach unten:
</p>
<ul><li>Bernburg-Formation</li>
<li>Calvörde-Formation</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ablagerungsraum">Ablagerungsraum</h2></div>
<p>Zur Zeit der Ablagerung des Unteren Buntsandsteins befand sich Mitteleuropa etwa auf 25° nördlicher Breite und damit im damaligen Trockengürtel der Erde. Der Untere Buntsandstein wurde in einem flachen und weiten <a href="Becken_(Geologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Becken (Geologie)">Becken</a> abgelagert, das immer wieder geflutet wurde und wieder weitgehend austrocknete (häufige <a href="Trockenriss_(Sediment)" title="Trockenriss (Sediment)">Trockenrisse</a>). Im Beckenzentrum sind mehrere, bis maximal 7 m mächtige Oolithkalkbänke eingeschaltet, deren Entstehung nur unter ständiger Wasserbedeckung denkbar ist. Die Ooide bildeten Unterwasserdünen mit <a href="Schr%C3%A4gschichtung" title="Schrägschichtung">Schrägschichtung</a> und <a href="Rippel" title="Rippel">Rippeln</a>, die auf ein hochenergetisches Milieu unter flacher Wasserbedeckung hindeuten. In einem kleinen Bereich nördlich des <a href="Harz_(Mittelgebirge)" title="Harz (Mittelgebirge)">Harzes</a> finden sich Stromatolithe am Top der Oolithbänke. Die Begriffe <i>Ooid</i> und <i>Stromatolith</i> wurde von <a href="Ernst_Kalkowsky" title="Ernst Kalkowsky">Ernst Kalkowsky</a> im Jahr 1908 für diese Strukturen des Unteren Buntsandsteins geprägt, sie finden heute weltweite Anwendung. Den Ablagerungsraum hat man sich als einen großen abflusslosen <a href="Binnensee" class="mw-redirect" title="Binnensee">Binnensee</a> vorzustellen (Fachausdruck <i>Playa</i> oder <a href="Salztonebene" title="Salztonebene">Salztonebene</a>), dessen Wasserspiegel jahreszeitlich oder zyklisch stark schwankte. In den Trockenzeiten oder in Zeiten mit geringeren Zuflüssen trocknete der See bis auf das See-Zentrum oder einige Restseen aus. Das Wasser dieser Restseen war übersalzen. In diesem Milieu bildeten sich die Ooide und Stromatolithe. Das Ablagerungsmilieu ist damit vergleichbar mit den großen <a href="Salzsee" title="Salzsee">Salzseen</a> in Nordamerika oder Australien.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nach den neueren Datierungen von Menning et al. (2005) verschiebt sich die <a href="Perm-Trias-Grenze" title="Perm-Trias-Grenze">Perm-Trias-Grenze</a> auf etwa 252,5 Millionen Jahre; für den Unteren Buntsandstein ergibt sich also geochronologisch ein Zeitraum von 252,6 bis 250,6 Millionen Jahren. Menning et al. (2005) empfehlen die weitere Verwendung der in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland verwendeten Zahlen, bis sich die neuen Datierungen bestätigen lassen.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul 1999, S. 269</span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Peter Brack, Hans Rieber, Alda Nicora und Roland Mundil: <i>The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Ladinian Stage (Middle Triassic) at Bagolino (Southern Alps, Northern Italy) and its implications for the Triassic time scale.</i> Episodes, 28(4), S. 233–244, Beijing 2005, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220705-3797%22&key=cql">0705-3797</a></span></span>.</li>
<li>Felix M. Gradstein, James G. Ogg, Mark D. Schmitz & Gabi M. Ogg: Geologic Time Scale 2020, Vol. 2. Elsevier 2020, ISBN 978-0-12-824360-2</li>
<li>Manfred Menning, Reinhard Gast, Hans Hagdorn, Karl-Christian Käding, Theo Simon, Michael Szurlies und Edgar Nitsch: <i>Zeitskala für Perm und Trias in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2002, zyklostratigraphische Kalibrierung der höheren Dyas und Germanischen Trias und das Alter der Stufen Roadium bis Rhaetium 2005.</i> Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 41(1-3): 173-210, Stuttgart 2005, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220078-0421%22&key=cql">0078-0421</a></span></span></li>
<li><a href="Ernst_Kalkowsky" title="Ernst Kalkowsky">Ernst Kalkowsky</a>: <i>Oolith und Stromatolith im norddeutschen Buntsandstein.</i> Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 60, S. 68–125, Berlin 1908, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220012-0189%22&key=cql">0012-0189</a></span></span></li>
<li>Josef Paul: <i>Oolithe und Stromatolithe im Unteren Buntsandstein.</i> In: Norbert Hauschke und Volker Wilde (Hrsg.): <i>Trias. Eine ganze andere Welt Mitteleuropa im frühen Erdmittelalter.</i> S. 263–270, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 1999, ISBN 3-931516-55-5</li>
<li>Jochen Lepper, Dietrich Rambow und Heinz-Gerd Röhling: <i>Der Buntsandstein in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2002.</i> Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 41(1-3), S. 129–142, Stuttgart 2005, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220078-0421%22&key=cql">0078-0421</a></span></span></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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